[161]. Owens, Phil. Mag. Oct. 1899.

[162]. Rutherford and Miss Brooks, Phil. Mag. July, 1900.

[163]. Since the ionization at any point above the plate is the resultant effect of the α particles coming from all points of the large radio-active layer, λ is not the same as the coefficient of absorption of the rays from a point source. It will however be proportional to it. For this reason λ is called the “absorption constant.”

[164]. Townsend, Phil. Mag. Feb. 1901.

[165]. Durack, Phil. Mag. July 1902, May 1903.

[166]. Bragg and Bragg and Kleeman, Phil. Mag. Dec. 1904.

[167]. Villard, C. R. 130, pp. 1010, 1178, 1900.

[168]. Becquerel, C. R. 130, p. 1154, 1900.

[169]. Rutherford, Phys. Zeit. 3, p. 517, 1902.

[170]. McClelland, Phil. Mag. July 1904.