Epictetus: Life and Work
Arnim, Hans V., “Epictetos” in Pauli-Wissowa (ed), Real-Encyclopaedie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, VI, col. 126-131. Arnold, E. V., “Epictetus” in Hastings, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, 1912. Vol. V, pp. 323, 324. Bonhoeffer, A., Epiktet und die Stoa. Stuttgart, 1890. ——, Ethik des Stoikers Epiktet. Stuttgart, 1894. ——, Epiktet und das Neue Testament. Giessen, 1911. Bruns, Ivo, De schola Epicteti. Kiel, 1897. Bultmann, Rudolf, “Das religiöse Moment in der ethischen Unterweisung des Epiktets und das Neue Testament,” Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde des Urchristentums, Vol. XIII, 1912; pp. 97-110; 177-191. Colardeau, Th., Etude sur Epictète. Paris, 1903. Hartmann, K., “Arrian und Epiktet,” Neue Jahrbücher für das klassische Altertum, Vol. XV, 1905. Jagu, Amand, Epictète et Platon. Paris, 1944. Lagrange, M. J., “La philosophie religieuse d’Epictète et le Christianisme,” Revue Biblique, Vol. IX, 1912; pp. 5-21, 192-212. Oldfather, W. A., “Introduction” to Epictetus, “Loeb Classics,” Vol. I. Souilhé, J., “Introduction” to Entretiens. Paris, 1943. Weber, Louis, “La morale d’Epictète et les besoins présents de l’enseignment moral,” Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, 1905, pp. 830-858; 1906, pp. 342-360; 1907, pp. 327-347; 1909, pp. 203-326.
Main Works on Stoicism and Related Problems
Arnold, E. V., Roman Stoicism. Cambridge, E., 1911. Bevan, E., Stoics and Sceptics. Oxford, 1913. Brochard, V., Etudes de philosophie ancienne et de philosophie moderne, Paris, 1912. Hicks, R. D., Stoic and Epicurean. New York, 1910. Martha, C., Les moralistes sur l’Empire Romain. Paris, 1886. Murray, Gilbert, Stoic, Christian, Humanist. London, 1940. Robin, L., La morale antique. Paris, 1938, pp. 57, 130, 152, 167. Wendland, Paul, Philo und die cynisch-stoische Diatribe. Berlin, 1895. ——, Die hellenistische Kultur in ihren Beziehungen zum Judentum und Christentum. Tübingen, 1912. Zanta, L., La renaissance du Stoicisme au XVIième siècle. Paris, 1914. Zeller, E., The Stoics, Epicureans, and Sceptics. London, 1892.
Influence of Stoicism
Busson, Henry, La pensée religieuse Française de Charron à Pascal. Paris, 1933. Chap. VIII: Stoiciens et Epicuriens, pp. 379-429. Dilthey, Wilhelm, Gesammelte Werke, Vol. II. “Einfluss der Stoa auf die Ausbildung des natürlichen Systems der Geisteswissenschaften,” pp. 153-162; “Anthropologie, Stoa und natürliches System im XVII. Jahrhundert,” pp. 439-457. Groethuysen, Bernard, Philosophische Anthropologie. München, 1928. (Chap. “Die römisch-griechische Lebensphilosophie.”) Rand, B., The Life, Letters, etc. of Anthony, Earl of Shaftesbury. London, 1900. Saunders, Jason L., Justus Lipsius. The Philosophy of Renaissance Stoicism. New York, 1955. Wenley, R. M., Stoicism and Its Influence. New York, 1927.
THE ENCHIRIDION
I
There are things which are within our power, and there are things which are beyond our power. Within our power are opinion, aim, desire, aversion, and, in one word, whatever affairs are our own. Beyond our power are body, property, reputation, office, and, in one word, whatever are not properly our own affairs.
Now the things within our power are by nature free, unrestricted, unhindered; but those beyond our power are weak, dependent, restricted, alien. Remember, then, that if you attribute freedom to things by nature dependent and take what belongs to others for your own, you will be hindered, you will lament, you will be disturbed, you will find fault both with gods and men. But if you take for your own only that which is your own and view what belongs to others just as it really is, then no one will ever compel you, no one will restrict you; you will find fault with no one, you will accuse no one, you will do nothing against your will; no one will hurt you, you will not have an enemy, nor will you suffer any harm.